![]() The etiologies of gastroparesis are most often idiopathic, diabetic, and postsurgical but can also rarely be autoimmune, paraneoplastic, and neurologic. 3,4 The prevalence of gastroparesis was estimated by a community-based study in 2007 to be 9.6 per 100,000 for men and 37.8 per 100,000 for women. 2 A multicenter study revealed that 88 percent of patients with idiopathic gastroparesis were female, and the average age at the time of diagnosis was 41 years. Using this definition, the cumulative incidence of gastroparesis is 4.8 percent in people with type 1 diabetes, 1.0 percent in people with type 2 diabetes, and 0.1 percent in people without diabetes but who may have idiopathic gastroparesis or other rarer etiologies. For clinical research, gastroparesis has been defined as delayed gastric emptying as detected by clinical testing and the presence of symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, or epigastric pain for more than 3 months. Since the common symptoms for gastroparesis overlap with symptoms of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as dyspepsia, cyclical vomiting, and irritable bowel syndrome, a more stringent definition of gastroparesis has been established. 2 Detection of gastric emptying delay is the essence of diagnosing gastroparesis. 1 The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, early satiety, bloating, abdominal pain, and postprandial fullness. ![]() Gastroparesis is a condition in which patients experience the symptoms of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of an actual physical blockage. However, these tests are not perfect and have limitations that will be addressed later in this section. Empiric therapy is often employed however, when this is unsuccessful or symptoms are severe enough to prompt further investigation, then diagnostic evaluation of gastrointestinal physiology is often employed. Clinicians proceed to diagnostic tests based on patients' initial symptomatic presentation. Background and Objectives for the Systematic ReviewÄelayed gastric emptying and slow-transit constipation are difficult entities to measure.
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